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“Filial piety” is a public norm or personal virtue
Author: Zhu Cheng
Source: Author authorized by Confucianism. Original “Virtue and Civilization” No. 6, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570th year of the year, Gengshen, October 23rd, Gengshen
� “Filial piety” as a public standard often means that the political morality and family ethics in the public life are closely related to the political and moral character in the public life, and are under the attention of the rulers, supervised by the arguments, and guaranteed by public rights. Therefore, people can become a “moral role” in their daily lives. “Filial piety” as a private virtue is the “love” of family members based on bloody affection. This is due to the unrestrained will of individuals and the voluntary morality, which is more authentic and reflects the bloody and family love. The “filial piety” in modern meaning needs to weaken the public norms of “filial piety”, but as a meaning of personal virtue, it advocates the equality and love relationship between family members from the perspective of unrestrained will and voluntary emotions.
“Filial piety” is considered to be the most important content of the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and has long been regarded as the focus value of traditional society. Because “filial piety” is closely related to everyone’s daily family life, this value principle can achieve the greatest social recognition. Since modern times, even those who are oriented and disregard traditional values can express their views or actions to the principle of “filial piety” and family affection. In recent years, some have even emphasized the legislation of “filial piety” to emphasize the importance of “filial piety” in social career. This shows that the concept of “filial piety” has traveled through time and space, and has a grand influence in both traditional and modern society, which has both historical meanings and practical meanings. “Filial piety” is the main meaning of people’s daily life, and can form a broad and broad recognition. However, in what situation should filial piety be affected? Can the influence of filial piety be determined by the border? Filial piety is a virtue of private career or a standard in public career. There are often differences in understanding these problems. For example, the long-standing “father-son ties” issue in the academic world includes the problem of the son’s filial piety to his father. The father stole something and damaged the order of public careers. The son must be obscured by “filial piety”. This is to transfer private ethics to public careers, which makes private virtues affect public standards; in contrast, the son reported that his father stole things, in fact, was to transfer public standards to private careers.If you are defeated, using public regulations to restrict the relationship between family members is often considered to be an act of harming filial piety. In fact, it is difficult for us to make simple long-term and short-term error judgments on the above two extreme situations. But one thing can be clearly understood that filial piety contains the strength of public and private nature, and it is necessary to analyze and discuss it from the perspective of public and private distinction to make it clear that filial piety should be more inclined toward public norms or private virtues.
1. The personalized direction of traditional filial piety
On ordinary believe that Confucian filial piety ethics importantly occurs within the family and is a moral standard in the private career. It regulates and binds the behavior of family members. However, in fact, if we analyze the Confucian filial piety and tradition, we will find that filial piety also has a clear direction for public career and bears the standardized effect in public career.
In “Theory”, Confucius’s life has a very important judgment on “filial piety”: “Those who are filial and brothers, but who like to offend superiors are rich; those who are not willing to offend superiors but who like to do trouble.” (“Theory·Study”) From this sentence, we can see that the influence of filial piety has a progression in the level: at first, it is not “offending superiors”, that is, the order of family life; then it is not “offending”, that is, the hierarchy of public life. From the perspective of expression of emotions, filial piety asks people not to “break the best” in their family life, but the influence of filial piety has not ended in their family life. Instead, it is a step further that Ye Qiu, in public life, opened his eyes, rubbed his sun, and watched several people chatting on the stage to “not be quarrel”. It can be seen that from the perspective of the mobile phone, filial piety is not only for the order of the family life, but also for the order of the public life. In other words, when people criticize or fail to comply with filial piety, it is not only a reference to his personal character, but also a doubt about his political character. “Filial piety is therefore 官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网官网” (“Travels·Big Learning”) The evolution of “filial piety” from private career to public career is one of the reasons why traditional rulers are enthusiastic about promoting the education of filial piety. The so-called “to be loyal with filial piety” and “to teach with filial piety”, turning the moral concepts formed by private feelings into the value standard of public career.
In “Filial Piety”, the public characteristics of “filial piety” are very vivid. “Filial Piety” links personal filial piety with the political elements in public political careers, and believes that it is an important content of public education to “teach with filial piety”, especially the hope of realizing the political goal of “being filial piety and loyalty”. [1] In “Filial Piety”, it is believed that “the husband’s filial piety is filial piety”., the foundation of virtue is the foundation of the cultivation website, and the reason why teachings are born. “(“Filial Piety·School of the Origin of the Ming Dynasty”) “Filial Piety” regards “filial piety” as the “foundation of virtue”, which is also the foundation of all qualities. Other virtues are born from this. Not only virtues are the foundation, but also social and political education are also born from this. This shows that the reason why social and political education can be influenced is because people can widely accept the principle of filial piety and the principle of accepting filial piety means that social and political education have a basic condition. In other words, “filial piety” is not only private. The foundation of family virtues is also a condition of public education. In order to emphasize the educational meaning of “filial piety”, the “Filial Piety” clearly points it to the dimension of public nature when describing the different levels of “filial piety” and the functions brought by filial piety.
Regarding the filial piety of the “emperor”, the “Filial Piety” believes that it can consolidate the legal nature of political rule. “Filial Piety” says: “Those who love their relatives dare not be inferior to others; those who respect their relatives dare not be arrogant. Love and respect for things, while moral education is added to the cause and punishment are punished all over the world. The filial piety of the emperor. “(“Filial Piety·Emperor”) For the emperor, “love” and “respect” are ethical behaviors in his family’s career, but because the emperor’s position is special, his ethical behavior not only has the meaning of family life, but also has the meaning of public life. Confucianism believes that the emperor is filial, It will use the “love and respect” that “waiting for” to treat the whole country, so it can “not be too embarrassed” and “not slow” in public political career, and use “moral education to arise” to become a moral list for the whole nation, and relieving its own “virtue” to stabilize political governance. “Filial Piety” teaches the emperor in an extremely positive way, hoping that the emperor will manage the whole country with the virtue of filial piety. The meaning here is that if the emperor is not filial, it will definitely form “being evil to others” and “slower than others”, and will not be “being virtuous and education to arise”, and will not become a list of the whole country, thereby eliminating the compliance of political governance in accordance with the law.
Regarding the filial piety of the marquis, the “Filial Piety” believes that it can not only protect him from wealth, but also promote his country and the welfare of the country. “No more than the above, high is not dangerous; the more limited the degree, full but not overflow. It is
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